cruciferaea

Class: Dicotyledonae

Sub Class: Polypetalae

Series: Thalamiflorae

Order: Parietales

This family is commonly called as 'mustard family'. It includes about 300 genus and about 3700 species. The members have a cosmopolitan distribution. There are around 150 species in India.

Characteristic Features
Habit: Usually annual or perennial herbs.

Root: Taproot system.

Stem: Herbaceous, erect, branched.

Leaves: Simple, alternate, radical or cauline, usually entire, sometimes lobed, petiolate, exstipulate reticulate venation.

Inflorescence: Raceme or corymbose raceme.

Flower: Ebracteate, pedicellate, mostly actinomorphic, bisexual, heterochlamydeous, dimerous or tetramerous hypogynous.

Calyx: Sepals 4, polysepalous, in two whorls of two each imbricate aestivation.

Corolla: Petals 4, arranged in single whorl alternating with sepals, polypetalous, often with long claws and spread out to form a cross. Hence, the name cruciform corolla. Valvate aestivation.

Androecium: Stamens 6, polyandrous, arranged in two whorls of 4 and 2 (tetradynamous), outer two are short and the inner four are long, anthers bilobed, basifixed, introse.

Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, initially unilocular and later bilocular, (formation of pseudoseptum), one or more ovules on parietal placentation, style short, stigma bifid, sometimes bilobed, ovary superior.

Fruit: Siliqua or silicula.

Seeds: Endospermic









fig. 27.31a Habit, floral diagram and floral formula

Common Examples
Edible

1. Brassica oleracea Has many varieties

B.oleracea var.capitata - cabbage

B.oleracea var. botrytis - knol khol

B.oleracea var. caulorapa - corm

2. Raphanus sativus - radish

3. Brassica campestris - yellow mustard seeds yield oil

Medicinal

1. Sysimbrium officinale leaves and stem used in curing scurvy.

2. Nasturtium indica seeds are used for treating asthma.

3. Eruca sativa oil extracted from the plant used for treating burns.

4. Lepidium sativum seeds are used for treating liver disorders.

Ornamental

1. Iberis amara (candy tuft)

2. Cheiranthus sp.



fig. 27.32 Examples of Family Brassicaceae






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Angiosperm Families

Introduction

Family Poaceae (Graminae)

Family Liliaceae

Family Fabaceae

Sub Family Papillionatae (= Faboideae)

Sub Family: Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpinae)

Sub Family: Mimosae (Mimosoidae)

Family Brassicaceae (= Cruciferae)

Family Solanaceae

Family Asteraceae





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