papilionatae

perennial herbs and shrubs, trees are also common. Some are climbers (Pisum, Lathyrus).


fig. 27.17 Habit, L.S. of flower of Pisum sativum


fig. 27.18 Lathyrus and Pisum

Root: Branched taproot, usually with nodules containing bacteria of genus Rhizobium.

Stem: Herbaceous or woody, branched.

Leaf: Simple or compound, alternate, stipulate, leaf base is pulvinate.

Inflorescence: Racemose, simple or compound.

Flower: Bracteate, zygomorphic, bisexual, pedicellate, heterochlamydeous, pentamerous, hypogynous.


fig. 27.19 Flower

Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, hairy, valvate or imbricate aestivation.

Corolla: Petals 5, polypetalous, papillionaceous, with a standard (vexillum) petal, two wing petals (Alae) and two keel petals (carinae). Vexillary aestivation.

Androecium: Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous, anthers dithecous.


fig.27.20 Androecium

Gynoecium: Monocarpellary, unilocular with ovules on marginal placentation. Ovary superior.



fig. 27.21 Gynoecium and TS of ovary

Fruit: A legume or lomentum.


Seed: Large, Non-endospermic


fig.27.22 L.S. of fruit and seeds


fig.27.23 Floral diagram


Floral formula

Common Examples
Pulses

1. Pisum sativum (pea)

2. Dolichos lablab (country bean)

3. Dolichos biflorus (horse gram)

4. Phaseolus mungo (black gram)

5. Phaseolus radiatus (green gram)

6. Cajanus cajan (red gram)

7. Glycine max (soya bean)

8. Cicer arientium (bengal gram)

Oil Yielding

1. Arachis hypogea (ground nut)

2. Pongamia pinnata (Pongam oil)

Timber Yielding

1. Dalbergia latifolia (Rosewood)

2. Dalbergia sisso (Sissoo)

Fibre Yielding

1. Crotolaria juncea (Sun hemp)

Medicinal

1. Clitoria ternatea used as antidote for snake bite in traditional practice of snake bite.

2. Desomodium gangeticus for curing cough and asthma.

Others

1. Indigofera tinctorea dye yielding (the famous of indigo of commerce)

2. Abrus precatorius Mature seeds sand used as weights by gold smiths in the past.

3. Butea monosperma ornamental plant, used for making eating plates.


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Angiosperm Families
Introduction
Family Poaceae (Graminae)
Family Liliaceae
Family Fabaceae
Sub Family Papillionatae (= Faboideae)
Sub Family: Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpinae)
Sub Family: Mimosae (Mimosoidae)
Family Brassicaceae (= Cruciferae)
Family Solanaceae
Family Asteraceae
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