solanaceae

Division: Angiospermae

Class: Dicotyledonae

Sub Class: Gamopetalae

Series: Bicarpellatae

Order: Tubiflorae

Family: Solanaceae

Solanaceae is commonly called as 'Brinjal family'. It includes about 90 genera and 2000 species. Members have a cosmopolitan distribution. There are around 60 species found in India.

Characteristic Features
Habit: Mostly annual herbs (Solanum nigrum), undershrubs (Solanum melongena). Some are shrubs (Solanum torvum) rarely trees (Solanum grandiflorum) and climbers (Solanum seaforthianum).



fig. 27.33 Habit and L.S. of flower of Solanum nigrum



fig. 27.34 Solanum nigrum

Root: Taproot, branched.

Stem: Herbaceous or woody, branched, often with prickles.

Leaves: Simple, alternate, sometimes pinnately divided into unequal lobes, exstipulate.

Inflorescence: Cymose. Often solitary cyme.

Flower: Ebracteate, actinomorphic, bisexual, pedicellate, heterochlamydeous, hypogynous.

Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, persistent (in the fruit condition also) valvate aestivation.

Corolla: Petals 5, gamopetalous, rotate or companulate or bilabiate (Schizanthus) or infundibuliform (Datura). Twisted or valvate aestivation.



fig. 27.35 Datura

Androecium: Stamens 5, epipetalous.

Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, bilocular or tetralocular due to pseudoseptum. Many ovules on axile placentation. Ovary superior, Obliquely placed.

Fruit: Berry or capsule.

Seed: Endospermic.





fig. 27.36 Floral parts, floral diagram and floral formula

Common Examples
Edible

1. Solanum tuberosum potato

2. Solanum melongena brinjal

3. Lycopersicum esculentum tomato

4. Capsicum annum red chilli

5. Physalis peruviana Raspberry.

Medicinal

1. Atropa belladona used for making belladona plasters. Atropine is a medicinal extract.

2. Hyoscyamus niger henbane used as sedative

3. Withania somnifera Ashwagandha used as an aphrodisiac.

4. Datura stromanium used as sedative and intoxicant.

Ornamental

1. Cestum nocturnum night queen or night jasmine

2. Petunia

3. Browalia

Others

1. Nicotiana tobaccum cured leaves used as tobacco, contains nicotine.



fig. 27.37 Examples of Family Solanaceae






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Angiosperm Families

Introduction

Family Poaceae (Graminae)

Family Liliaceae

Family Fabaceae

Sub Family Papillionatae (= Faboideae)

Sub Family: Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpinae)

Sub Family: Mimosae (Mimosoidae)

Family Brassicaceae (= Cruciferae)

Family Solanaceae

Family Asteraceae





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